How To Install Kubernetes & Flannel On Ubuntu 18.04

Introduction

Kubernetes (K8s) is open-source software for service discovery and load balancing, automatic bin packing, storage orchestration, self-healing, and horizontal scaling on web applications. In this tutorial, you will learn the procedure of installing K8s in a single node Cluster (1 Master + 1 Slave). Its name comes from the Greek word “Κυβερνήτης”, which means “Governor”.

Essentials

Two Ubuntu 18.04 server systems.
Root access to your server, or a non-root user with Sudo privileges.

Step 1 – Configure Server Hostnames

On the master node:

1. The first thing we need to do is to log in to the server we want to use as the cluster master node, and run the commands below:
```
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname "k8s-master"
sudo exec bash
```
2. Then you will need to edit the host’s file like so:
```
192.168.1.5     k8s-master
192.168.1.6     k8s-worker-01
```
  Tip: You can use the ifconfig command to get informed about the machine’s IP address, which is the one indicated in the enp0s3 field.

On the worker node:

1. Now we need to login to the remote server we want to use as a slave node, and run the command:
```
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname "k8s-worker-01"
sudo exec bash
```
2. Then you will need to edit the worker’s hosts file like so:
```
192.168.1.5     k8s-master
192.168.1.6     k8s-worker-01
```

Step 2 – Install Docker In All Nodes

Now you will need to start installing Docker in your Master node, and slave(s) node(s). This can be done using the following commands:

sudo apt-get update && apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common gnupg2 -y
  
### Add Docker’s official GPG key
sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | apt-key add -

### Add Docker apt repository.
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

## Install Docker CE.
sudo apt-get update && apt-get install containerd.io docker-ce docker-ce-cli -y

# Setup daemon.
sudo echo "{
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "storage-driver": "overlay2"
}" > /etc/docker/daemon.json

sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d

# Restart docker.
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

Step 3 – Kubernetes Package Repository Configuration In All Nodes

At this point, you will have to login again to all nodes, and run the commands below:

sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https curl -y
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add
OK
sudo apt-add-repository "deb http://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main"

Step 4 – Install Kubeadmin

sudo apt install kubeadm

and check the version like so:

sudo kubeadm version

kubeadm version: &version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"18", GitVersion:"v1.18.2", GitCommit:"52c56ce7a8272c798dbc29846288d7cd9fbae032", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2020-04-16T11:54:15Z", GoVersion:"go1.13.9", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

Step 5 – Disable Swap On All Nodes

sudo swapoff -a

Step 6 – Kubernetes Deployment

Step 1 – Initialize Kubernetes On the Master Node:
```
sudo kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
```

Step 2 – Be aware of the output:

W0429 16:27:01.074129   16464 configset.go:202] WARNING: kubeadm cannot validate component configs for API groups [kubelet.config.k8s.io kubeproxy.config.k8s.io]
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.18.2
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.1.3]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master localhost] and IPs [192.168.1.3 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master localhost] and IPs [192.168.1.3 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
W0429 16:27:34.567801   16464 manifests.go:225] the default kube-apiserver authorization-mode is "Node,RBAC"; using "Node,RBAC"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
W0429 16:27:34.569539   16464 manifests.go:225] the default kube-apiserver authorization-mode is "Node,RBAC"; using "Node,RBAC"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 20.004086 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.18" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master as control-plane by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: m0dr9x.qz1njp8f6chdwa2r
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.1.3:6443 --token m0dr9x.qz1njp8f6chdwa2r \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6d49b7c2129c4c1a4a5bd2bcc03900d05c6a15ec5049fd37252286ca5e4c7aca

Now, you will need to follow the instructions give above:

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

And lastly, you can join as many nodes as you like by simply executing the command:

kubeadm join 192.168.1.3:6443 --token m0dr9x.qz1njp8f6chdwa2r --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6d49b7c2129c4c1a4a5bd2bcc03900d05c6a15ec5049fd37252286ca5e4c7aca

As you can see joining nodes works pretty much the same as Docker Swarm.

Step 7 – Container Network Installation

At this point, Kubernetes is installed, but can not operate without a network mesh that will connect all containers to each other. For that purpose, we will use Flannel. This can be installed like so:

sudo kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

Now if you run the command :

kubectl get nodes

You will receive the output:

NAME         STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master   Ready    master   74m   v1.18.2

How To Install Kubernetes & Flannel On Ubuntu 18.04

Step 1 – Configure Server Hostnames

On the master node:

On the worker node:

Step 2 – Install Docker In All Nodes

Step 3 – Kubernetes Package Repository Configuration In All Nodes

Step 4 – Install Kubeadmin

Step 5 – Disable Swap On All Nodes

Step 6 – Kubernetes Deployment

Step 7 – Container Network Installation

Interesting links

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Step 1 – Configure Server Hostnames

On the master node:

On the worker node:

Step 2 – Install Docker In All Nodes

Step 3 – Kubernetes Package Repository Configuration In All Nodes

Step 4 – Install Kubeadmin

Step 5 – Disable Swap On All Nodes

Step 6 – Kubernetes Deployment

Step 7 – Container Network Installation

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Interesting links

Pages

Categories

Archive